The third, Eastasia, only emerged as a distinct unit after another decade of confused fighting.
The frontiers between the three super-states are in some places arbitrary（任意的）, and in others they fluctuate（波动） according to the fortunes of war, but in general they follow geographical lines.
Eurasia comprises（包括） the whole of the northern part of the European and Asiatic（亚洲大陆） land-mass, from Portugal （葡萄牙）to the Bering Strait（白令海峡）.
Oceania comprises the Americas, the Atlantic islands including the British Isles, Australasia, and the southern portion of Africa.
Eastasia, smaller than the others and with a less definite western frontier, comprises China and the countries to the south of it, the Japanese islands and a large but fluctuating portion of Manchuria, Mongolia, and Tibet（西藏）.
In one combination or another, these three super-states are permanently at war, and have been so for the past twenty-five years.
War, however, is no longer the desperate（绝望地）, annihilating（歼灭） struggle that it was in the early decades of the twentieth century.
It is a warfare of limited aims between combatants who are unable to destroy one another, have no material cause for fighting and are not divided by any genuine ideological（意识形态） difference.
This is not to say that either the conduct of war, or the prevailing（流行的） attitude towards it, has become less bloodthirsty （残忍的）or more chivalrous（侠义的）.
On the contrary, war hysteria （歇斯底里）is continuous and universal in all countries, and such acts as raping, looting（抢劫）, theslaughter of children, the reduction （减少）of whole populations to slavery,（奴隶制） and reprisals（报复） against prisoners（囚犯） which extend even to boiling and burying alive, are looked upon as normal, and, when they are committed by one's own side and not by the enemy, meritorious（值得赞扬的）.
But in a physical sense（实际意义） war involves very small numbers of people, mostly highly-trained specialists（专家）, and causes comparatively （相对的）few casualties（伤亡）. 本章未完，请点击下一页继续阅读！ 第2页/共3页
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