In all the useful arts the world is either standing still or going backwards.
The fields are cultivated with horse-ploughs（马） while books are written by machinery.
But in matters of vital importance-meaning, in effect, war and police espionage-the empirical approach is still encouraged, or at least tolerated.
The two aims of the Party are to conquer the whole surface of the earth and to extinguish（消灭） once and for all the possibility of independent thought.
There are therefore two great problems which the Party is concerned to solve.
One is how to discover, against his will, what another human being is thinking, and the other is how to kill several hundred million people in a few seconds without giving warning beforehand.
In so far as scientific research still continues, this is its subject matter.
The scientist of today is either a mixture of psychologist and inquisitor（审讯者）, studying with real ordinary minuteness the meaning of facial expressions, gestures, and tones of voice, and testing the truth-producing effects of drugs, shock therapy（休克疗法）, hypnosis（催眠）, and physical torture（折磨）; or he is chemist, physicist, or biologist concerned only with such branches of his special subject as are relevant to the taking（夺取） of life.
In the vast laboratories of the Ministry of Peace, and in the experimental stations hidden in the Brazilian forests, or in the Australian desert, or on lost islands of the Antarctic, the teams of experts are indefatigably（不知疲倦的） at work.
Some are concerned simply with planning the logistics （后勤）of future wars; others devise larger and larger rocket bombs, more and more powerful explosives, and more and more impenetrable （坚硬的）armour-plating（装甲）; others search for new and deadlier gases, or for soluble（可溶的） poisons capable of being produced in such quantities as to destroy the vegetation （植被） of whole continents（大陆）, or for breeds of disease germs immunized （免疫的）against all possible antibodies（抗体）; others strive to produce a vehicle that shall bore its way under the soil like a submarine under the water, or an aeroplane as independent of its base as a sailing-ship; others explore even remoter possibilities such as focusing the sun's rays through lenses suspended thousands of kilometres away in space, or producing artificial earthquakes and tidal waves by tapping the heat at the earth's centre. 本章未完，请点击下一页继续阅读！ 第2页/共3页
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